Relativistic-Baryon Dark Matter in Segue 1 Could Be a Gamma-Ray Source via Bremsstrahlung Radiation

SILICON VALLEY, Calif., Aug. 4, 2010 (AScribe Newswire) — Astronomers studying the tiny Milky Way satellite galaxy Segue 1 have concluded it has the highest measured dark matter density of any known galaxy. Therefore, it should be a prime testing ground for dark matter physics and galaxy formation on small scales. Their July 27 online scientific paper entitled, “A Complete Spectroscopic Survey Of The Milky Way Satellite Segue 1: The Darkest Galaxy,” is posted at arXiv.org.

Their paper indicates that as a next step, the astronomers plan to study gamma rays being emitted from Segue 1 resulting from collisions and thereby annihilations of WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) pairs. Apparently, the paper’s authors believe that if they observe gamma rays emanating from Segue 1, their source would be putative cold dark matter nonbaryonic supersymmetric WIMPs being annihilated in pairs.

The reason this newswire was written was to point out that there is another quite different dark matter explanation for gamma rays being emitted from the dark matter of Segue 1, that leads to a completely different type of dark matter. That is, if Segue 1 is housing relativistic-baryon dark matter such as relativistic protons and helium nuclei, they will generate gamma rays by bremsstrahlung radiation, which involves high speed electrically charged particles coming to an abrupt halt or slowed significantly by crashing into objects. Therefore, if emission of gamma rays from Segue 1 is detected, the astronomers will still need to determine which of the two types of dark matter, nonbaryonic WIMPs or relativistic baryons, is involved.

What factors should the astronomers consider in determining whether the Segue 1 dark matter comprises slow-moving WIMPs orbiting the tiny galaxy via gravitational field control or galaxy-orbiting relativistic protons and helium nuclei via extragalactic magnetic field control? If Segue 1 emits gamma rays, the following four factors should be considered.

  1. What might be the characteristics of the observed gamma ray spectrum? Probably, a narrow spectrum might favor WIMP-pair annihilation since the mass-energy of each WIMP pair should be similar. A broad spectrum might favor bremsstrahlung radiation, which involves high speed electrically charged particles, such as protons and helium nuclei, coming to an abrupt halt or slowed rapidly by crashing into dust particles of various masses and velocities.
  2. A stream of dark matter relativistic protons, having a range of kinetic energies, orbiting Segue 1 should be emitting infrared photons via broad-band synchrotron emission in addition to the bremsstahlung gamma rays. This characteristic might be used to identify relativistic-baryon (proton) dark matter.
  3. Ever since cold dark matter putative WIMPs were announced in 1984, they have never been detected. On the other hand, the announcement of relativistic-baryon dark matter in December 2003 was based upon (a) the observed relativistic-baryon cosmic rays striking Earth’s atmosphere every day and also on (b) a scientifically plausible explanation for the accelerating expansion of the universe based upon continual synchrotron emission from orbiting relativistic baryons within all galaxy clusters, which continually lowers the mass of each and every galaxy cluster in the universe.
  4. Since dark matter represents as much as 83 percent of the mass of the universe, one might expect it played a role in the creation of many of the cosmic constituents and cosmic phenomena astronomers observe. A list of 22 cosmologic test questions has evolved over the years based upon the observed cosmic constituents and cosmic phenomena to test one dark matter candidate against another. The dark matter candidate compatible with more of the cosmic constituents and cosmic phenomena would be favored.

Every dark matter candidate must be subjected to a series of qualifying astronomical-based and physics-based cosmologic tests in order to be given serious consideration as the dark matter of the universe. Drexler’s October 2009 paperback book, “Our Universe via Drexler Dark Matter” focuses on 18 principal cosmic constituents/cosmic phenomena in order to define our universe. These 18 cosmic constituents and cosmic phenomena also are used here to perform 18 of the current 22 cosmologic tests for dark matter candidates.

(Note: The newswires referenced by any of the 22 cosmologic test questions found at http://www.jeromedrexler.org/ under News.)

In order for the relativistic-proton dark matter (also called relativistic-baryon dark matter) candidate to qualify for the title of “the dark matter of the universe,” Drexler, believes that it must be compatible with or provide plausible cosmologic explanations for essentially each and every one of following 22 principal cosmic constituents/phenomena of the universe.

These 22 dark-matter-qualification questions regarding relativistic-baryon (proton) dark matter and the principal cosmic constituents and cosmic phenomena of the universe also illustrate how a new dark matter candidate can be tested and evaluated:

  1. Try to provide a plausible explanation for the accelerating expansion of the universe without utilizing relativistic-proton dark matter. (see Chapters 9, 15, 19, 21, F and newswire dated June 22, 2010 entitled “Physicists Can Not Explain Universe’s Accelerating Expansion; Yet Drexler’s Dark Matter Can”)
  2. Try to provide a plausible explanation for dark energy without utilizing relativistic-proton dark matter. (see Chapters 9, 15,19, 21, F and newswire dated June 22, 2010 entitled “Physicists Can Not Explain Universe’s Accelerating Expansion; Yet Drexler’s Dark Matter Can”)
  3. What types of dark matter particles other than relativistic-proton dark matter could exist as spheroidal halos around spiral disk galaxies and also in the form of long large slightly curved filaments that form the Cosmic Web? (see Chapters 1, 2, 3, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, B, C, D, E, J)
  4. What could be the source of the energy of the cosmic-ray protons, that bombard Earth’s atmosphere, whose energy is so high they enter into non-elastic collisions with the Cosmic Microwave Background? (see Chapters 10, 15, C, G, H and newswire dated April 14, 2010 entitled “‘Impossible Particles’ in Discover Magazine Are Just Dark Matter Mavericks in Drexler’s New Book”)
  5. Try to provide a plausible explanation of how Cosmic Inflation could have started then quickly stopped during the big bang epoch, without utilizing a multiverse. (multiple universes) (see Chapters 21, H)
  6. How did most large galaxies form without galaxy mergers? (see Chapters 6, 11, 14)
  7. What could cause the early rapid growth of massive galaxies? (see Chapters 6, 11, 14)
  8. What could cause the stunted mass growth of galaxy clusters? (see Chapters 9, 13, 22)
  9. How could the first stars be formed without the availability of hydrogen molecules or dust? (see Chapter 20)
  10. What could be the basis for the formation of the Lyman Alpha blobs? (see Chapter 12)
  11. What physics or astronomy other than utilizing relativistic-proton dark matter could have led to the limitation of the diameter of galaxy superclusters to about 430 million light years? (see Chapter 10)
  12. What new astronomical evidence suggests that the top-down theory, not galaxy mergers, is the principal basis for galaxy formation? (see Chapters 6, 11, 14, 17, D)
  13. Provide any plausible cause for ultraviolet, extreme ultraviolet, or soft X-ray photon emission from dark matter without utilizing relativistic-proton dark matter? (see Chapters 8, 12, 13, 22, F)
  14. NASA discovered a loud synchrotron-emission microwave noise. Could it be caused by some phenomenon other than decelerating dark-matter relativistic protons crossing magnetic-field lines? (see Chapters 5, 7)
  15. Does the Cosmic Web structure of dark matter filaments passing through every galaxy rely on relativistic-baryon or relativistic-proton dark matter? (see Chapters 13, J)
  16. Do hydrogen fusion in stars and the formation of Lyman-alpha blobs rely on muon creation by relativistic-proton dark matter? (see Chapter 12, 13, 20)
  17. How might a relativistic-proton big bang satisfy the Second Law of Thermodynamics? (see Chapter C)
  18. Could some dark-matter relativistic protons orbiting a group of galaxies and crossing magnetic-field lines, be evading the well-known GZK cosmic-ray cutoff? (see Chapter G)
  19. Can relativistic-proton (baryon) dark matter explain why the mean dark matter surface density within one dark halo scale-length (the radius for which the volume density profile of dark matter remains “flat”) is virtually constant for all galaxies? (See newswire dated October 7, 2009 entitled “Drexler Dark Matter Strongly Boosted by Two New Astrophysical Discoveries by Two Research Teams”)
  20. Can relativistic-proton (baryon) dark matter explain why within one dark halo scale-length the mean luminous surface density for galaxies is constant for galaxies of virtually all shapes and sizes? (See newswire dated October 7, 2009 entitled “Drexler Dark Matter Strongly Boosted by Two New Astrophysical Discoveries by Two Research Teams”)
  21. Can relativistic-proton (baryon) dark matter explain how a dark matter halo surrounding a galaxy can enter into its galaxy? (See Newswire dated November 3, 2009 entitled “Drexler’s April 2005 Discovery that a Dark Matter Halo Can Enter Its Galaxy is Confirmed by Harvard-Smithsonian”)
  22. Can the “solar composition problem” be solved and explained by a relativistic-proton (baryon) dark matter? (See newswire dated July 14, 2010 entitled “Oxford University’s Dark-Matter-In-Sun Discovery Boosts Drexler’s Dark Matter, Postmodern Cosmology”)

Although discovering and proving the precise nature of the dark matter of the universe is very significant, Drexler’s new book provides more. Each of the 18 cosmic constituents/cosmic phenomena also represents a window looking into the cosmologic universe. Further, each of the 18 cosmic constituents and cosmic phenomena is compatible with the other 17, making it possible to utilize any group of them without requiring any new assumptions.

After the book is read, it becomes clear that Drexler has developed a unified theory of astrophysical cosmology that encompasses many more cosmic constituents/cosmic phenomena than any other cosmology in use today. Also, within his four-book series Drexler has solved about twenty cosmologic mysteries making his new cosmology paradigm to a great extent devoid of unsolved cosmologic mysteries.

Furthermore, in almost every chapter, the book provides the date that a research paper was published by another party and the date that the responding chapter was written by Drexler. Note that the time differential is only days or a few weeks. Serious students of this material should become just as quick at solving new cosmologic mysteries as Drexler has been.

Another potential benefit of this unified theory of astrophysical cosmology is making accurate or successful predictions based upon new ways of analyzing data and deriving new insights by using a chosen group of the 22 compatible cosmic constituents/phenomena selected for analytical purposes.

Drexler has documented his eight years of dark matter/dark energy research, its timeline, its interaction with mainstream cosmology, and the overwhelming evidence that relativistic-proton dark matter and relativistic-baryon dark matter represent the principal constituents of the dark matter of the universe, in the following seven publications.

(1) Paperback book, October 30, 2009, “Our Universe via Drexler Dark Matter: Drexler Dark Matter Created and Explains Dark Energy, Top-Down Cosmology, Inflation, Accelerating Cosmos, Stars, Galaxies, Cosmic Web.”

(2) Scientific Web site updated July 14, 2010, entitled, “Discovering Dark Matter Cosmology” at: http://www.jeromedrexler.org/ .

(3) Paperback book, March 1, 2008, “Discovering Postmodern Cosmology: Discoveries in Dark Matter, Cosmic Web, Big Bang, Inflation, Cosmic Rays, Dark Energy, Accelerating Cosmos.”

(4) Scientific paper, physics/0702132, Feb. 15 2007, “A Relativistic-Proton Dark Matter Would Be Evidence the Big Bang Probably Satisfied the Second Law of Thermodynamics.”

(5) Paperback book, May 22, 2006, “Comprehending and Decoding the Cosmos: Discovering Solutions to Over a Dozen Cosmic Mysteries by Utilizing Dark Matter Relationism, Cosmology, and Astrophysics.”

(6) Scientific paper, astro-ph/0504512, April 22, 2005, “Identifying Dark Matter through the Constraints Imposed by Fourteen Astronomically Based ‘Cosmic Constituents.’”

(7) Paperback book, Dec. 15, 2003, “How Dark Matter Created Dark Energy and the Sun: An Astrophysics Detective Story.”

ABOUT THE AUTHOR OF THE BOOKS: Jerome Drexler is a former member of the technical staff and group supervisor at Bell Labs, former research professor in physics at New Jersey Institute of Technology, founder and former Chairman and chief scientist of LaserCard Corp. (Nasdaq: LCRD). He has been awarded 76 U.S. patents, honorary Doctor of Science degrees from NJIT and Upsala College, a degree of Honorary Fellow of the Technion, an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship at Stanford University, a three-year Bell Labs graduate study fellowship, the 1990 “Inventor of the Year Award” for Silicon Valley and recognition as the original inventor in 1978 of the now widely-used digital optical disk “Laser Optical Storage System” and the LaserCard® nanotech data memory. He is a member of the Board of Overseers of New Jersey Institute of Technology and an Honorary Life Member of the Technion Board of Governors.

Posted on August 4th, 2010