SILICON VALLEY, Calif., July 8, 2010 (AScribe Newswire) — Albert Einstein once said, “To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.” These three approaches also were used in the four-book cosmology series discussed here.

Jerome Drexler’s four-book postmodern-dark-matter-cosmology course for astronomers, physicists, applied physicists and plasma engineers is now ready for use. It utilizes an astronomical-case-study teaching method, which should lead to the solving of twenty cosmologic mysteries and an accelerating rate of new astronomical discoveries.

Today, physicists admit that they only understand four per cent of the universe while Drexler’s astro-cosmology books appear to explain as much as 90 percent of the universe. Thus, there is considerable room for progress in gaining a deeper understanding of the universe via Drexler’s mystery-solving postmodern dark matter cosmology.

Astronomers are building more and more advanced telescopic systems by utilizing space platforms, employing adaptive optics, and by combining images derived from photons at different wavelengths. With the cost of such projects skyrocketing, astronomers and physicists must be trained to maximize the knowledge derived from their astronomical data. This is the principal educational goal of Drexler’s four-book series.

This educational goal can be achieved by establishing and utilizing new graduate courses, seminars, astronomical-case-study teaching methods, and visiting lecturers to teach relevant cosmologic subjects covered by Drexler’s four books. The books were also written to enable self-teaching by ambitious professionals who have committed themselves to prize-winning careers.

Let us consider two astronomical case studies discussed in these books to illustrate how case-study teaching methods are used to teach postmodern dark matter cosmology. (Case-study teaching methods have been employed successfully by law schools and business schools for over 50 years.)

Case Study (1)

Today, many dark matter searches are being done in deep underground mines in order to shield the detectors from being bombarded by high-energy muons generated by relativistic cosmic ray protons bombarding Earth’s atmosphere. But Jerome Drexler, author of astro-cosmology books in 2003, 2006, 2008, and 2009, has posited that these same relativistic cosmic ray protons bombarding Earth’s atmosphere are actually proton stragglers ejected from the vast number of relativistic dark matter protons orbiting groups of galaxies. Thus dark-matter researchers in mines are shielding their detectors from the decay products (muons) of the dark matter particles they are trying to detect. (Muons also play roles in other case studies in the books.)

Case Study (2)

For the last 25 years, mainstream cosmologists have taught that galaxy mergers represent the principal method of galaxy growth over time. This is called the bottom-up theory of galaxy formation. The vast majority of the mainstream cosmologists still teach it today. Bell Labs-trained applied physicist and astro-cosmologist Jerome Drexler published a 19-page scientific paper on April 22, 2005 that also addressed the discovery of mature galaxies in the young universe. It is entitled “Identifying Dark Matter Through the Constraints Imposed by Fourteen Astronomically Based ‘Cosmic Constituents.’” This 2005 Drexler scientific paper, identified in the physics arXiv as astro-ph/0504512, presents Drexler’s top-down theory of galaxy formation for the first time. (This Case Study (2) is continued in the following eight paragraphs.)

Drexler’s top-down theory of galaxy formation is defined as: The theory that long, large, dark matter filaments of the Cosmic Web form galaxy clusters where the dark matter filaments intersect/collide and then galaxies form from the remnants of these collisions. In Drexler’s dark matter, also known as relativistic-proton dark matter and relativistic-baryon dark matter, the ratio of relativistic protons to relativistic helium nuclei ranges between 10:1 and 12:1.The dark matter particle streams form spheroidal halos around individual galaxies, orbit groups of galaxies within galaxy clusters, and form large long filaments of dark matter that comprise the Cosmic Web.

There have been at least four scientific papers or scientific articles published within the past 18 months that appear to support Drexler’s top-down theory of galaxy formation, which does not rely upon hierarchical galaxy mergers. In chronological order the four papers/articles are:

(a) An October 23, 2008 article in the journal Nature, authored by Professor Michael J. Disney of UK’s Cardiff University and five associates, is entitled, “Galaxies appear simpler than expected.” From Professor Disney’s abstract: “Here we report that a sample of [200] galaxies that were first detected through their neutral hydrogen radio-frequency emission, and are thus free from optical selection effects shows five independent correlations among six independent observables, despite having a wide range of properties. This implies that the structure of these galaxies must be controlled by a single parameter, although we cannot identify this parameter from our data set. Such a degree of organization appears to be at odds with hierarchical galaxy formation, a central tenet of the cold dark matter model in cosmology.”

(b) Professor Avishai Dekel of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, with nine associates, comes to the same general conclusion as Disney via a different set of data and different arguments in a Nature article dated January 22, 2009. It is entitled, “Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation.” A January 25, 2009 news release from The Hebrew University contains this paragraph: “The new theory, motivated by advanced astronomical observations and based on state-of-the-art computer simulations, maintains that the galaxies primarily formed as a result of intensive cosmic streams of cold gas (mostly hydrogen) and not, as the current theory contends, due primarily to galactic mergers. The researchers show that these mergers had only limited influence on the cosmological makeup of the universe as we know it.”

(c) Cheng-Jiun Ma, Harald Ebeling, and Elizabeth Barrett at the Institute of Astronomy of the University of Hawaii published a scientific paper in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (ApJ 693, L56-L60), which reports, “we also find tantalizing, if circumstantial, evidence for direct, large-scale heating of the ICM [intracluster medium] by contiguous infall of low-density [hydrogen] gas from the [dark matter] filament.” Their paper entitled, “An X-ray/Optical Study of the Complex Dynamics of the Core of the Massive Intermediate-Redshift Cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745,” was published on March 10, 2009. New Scientist published a May 4, 2009 article about this scientific paper entitled, “Dark matter ‘highway’ funnels gas into galactic pileup,” which provides very useful information that is quoted as follows: “and researchers say as much as 40 percent of all dark matter in the universe may lie in the filaments.” “Now, he [Harald Ebeling] and a team led by Cheng-Jiun Ma say they see hints of [hydrogen] gas in a [dark matter] filament that appears to be funneling galaxies into a galaxy cluster already crammed with them.” In response to these intriguing observations, ”The team has submitted a proposal to observe the [galaxy] cluster again — for a longer period — with the Chandra X-ray Observatory.” “They also hope to see [hydrogen] gas within the [dark matter] filament that lies farther away from where the filament connects with the cluster. ‘Right now, we’re only just barely seeing (filament gas) where it hits the cluster,’ he [Ebeling] says.”

(d) An article in the journal Nature entitled, “Early assembly of the most massive galaxies,” published April 2, 2009, reports that astronomers’ discovery of massive galaxies fully developed five billion years after the big bang raises serious questions about the widely accepted galaxy formation models. In these theoretical models, large galaxies grow through mergers with smaller galaxies, which is a much slower process than the rapid growth rate actually observed by astronomers. Thus, there must be some other undiscovered galaxy growth mechanism at work, they say.

Thus, the 18 researchers headed by Chris A. Collins of the UK’s Liverpool John Moores University may have made a significant discovery confirming Drexler’s top-down theory of galaxy formation, says Drexler. This April 2 Nature article led to an April 25 article in ScienceNews entitled, “Heavyweight Galaxies In The Young Universe – Newfound massive galaxies may force theorists to revisit formation model” and an April 7 article in New Scientist titled, “Overweight galaxies force-fed by dark matter tendrils.”

What factors might have caused the rapid growth rate of massive galaxies during their first five billion years, other than through hierarchical galaxy mergers? The factors that we would be addressing would fall into the category of the top-down theory of galaxy formation since the alternative bottom-up theory of galaxy formation is limited to the hierarchical galaxy merger process, says Drexler.

The four scientific papers/articles of Case Study (2), supporting Drexler’s postmodern dark matter cosmology, are discussed in Chapters 6, 11, and 14 of Drexler’s paperback book entitled “Our Universe via Drexler Dark Matter,” published October 30, 2009. This Case Study (2) material represents an astronomical case study that illustrates a slow but continual shift by cosmologists away from the galaxy-merger-based bottom-up galaxy formation theory (a central tenet of the cold dark matter model in cosmology) toward acceptance of Drexler’s top-down galaxy formation theory that he had announced in April 2005.

Drexler’s four-book postmodern-dark-matter-cosmology course will solve twenty cosmologic mysteries and also accelerate the rate of astronomical discoveries. The four inexpensive paperback books were written to enable self-teaching by ambitious astronomers, physicists, applied physicists, and plasma engineers who wish to move ahead more rapidly in their careers. Universities which are not ready to commit themselves to this mystery-solving new cosmology paradigm can teach it as an “alternative cosmology” until it proves itself to their satisfaction.

Drexler has documented his eight years of dark matter/dark energy research, its timeline, its interaction with mainstream cosmology, and the overwhelming evidence that relativistic-proton dark matter and relativistic-baryon dark matter represent the principal constituents of the dark matter of the universe in the following seven publications.

(1) Paperback book, October 30, 2009, “Our Universe via Drexler Dark Matter: Drexler Dark Matter Created and Explains Dark Energy, Top-Down Cosmology, Inflation, Accelerating Cosmos, Stars, Galaxies, Cosmic Web.”

(2) Scientific Web site updated June 22, 2010, entitled, “Discovering Dark Matter Cosmology” at: http://www.jeromedrexler.org/ .

(3) Paperback book, March 1 , 2008, “Discovering Postmodern Cosmology: Discoveries in Dark Matter, Cosmic Web, Big Bang, Inflation, Cosmic Rays, Dark Energy, Accelerating Cosmos.”

(4) Scientific paper, physics/0702132, Feb. 15 2007, “A Relativistic-Proton Dark Matter Would Be Evidence the Big Bang Probably Satisfied the Second Law of Thermodynamics.”

(5) Paperback book, May 22, 2006, “Comprehending and Decoding the Cosmos: Discovering Solutions to Over a Dozen Cosmic Mysteries by Utilizing Dark Matter Relationism, Cosmology, and Astrophysics.”

(6) Scientific paper, astro-ph/0504512, April 22, 2005, “Identifying Dark Matter through the Constraints Imposed by Fourteen Astronomically Based “Cosmic Constituents.’”

(7) Paperback book, Dec. 15, 2003, “How Dark Matter Created Dark Energy and the Sun: An Astrophysics Detective Story.”

ABOUT THE AUTHOR OF THE BOOKS: Jerome Drexler is a former member of the technical staff and group supervisor at Bell Labs, former research professor in physics at New Jersey Institute of Technology, founder and former Chairman and chief scientist of LaserCard Corp. (Nasdaq: LCRD). He has been awarded 76 U.S. patents, honorary Doctor of Science degrees from NJIT and Upsala College, a degree of Honorary Fellow of the Technion, an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship at Stanford University, a three-year Bell Labs graduate study fellowship, the 1990 “Inventor of the Year Award” for Silicon Valley and recognition as the original inventor in 1978 of the now widely-used digital optical disk “Laser Optical Storage System” and the LaserCard(R) nanotech data memory. He is a member of the Board of Overseers of New Jersey Institute of Technology and an Honorary Life Member of the Technion Board of Governors.